1- Penetration is intercourse and it invalidates the fast and requires expiation according to scholarly consensus. 2-Ejaculation, even without intercourse, invalidates the fast according to the correct opinion. 3- It is essential to be cautious when engaging in foreplay during the day in Ramadan. 4- Ignorance of the consequences of a certain action is not an excuse, whereas ignorance of the ruling does count as an excuse.

If a fasting person inhales the steam that results from him having a bath with hot water, this does not break the fast because it enters his body as he cannot help it and he does not do it deliberately.

The fasting person is not affected if pus comes out of his wounds and that does not break his fast.

There is strong evidence for the view that the one who eats or drinks after Fajr or sunrise by mistake, his fast is valid and he does not have to make it up. However, it is better for him to fast a day later.

Emission of madhiy does not break the fast according to the more correct of the two scholarly opinions whether that is because of kissing one's wife, watching movies, or other things that provoke desire.

If a man falls into a coma in Ramadan for the entire day – i.e., from dawn until sunset – his fast is not valid, and he has to make up the fasts he missed. If he was awake for part of the day, then his fast is valid.

The fast of one who has intercourse with his wife at night and wakes up in the morning in a state of janabah (major ritual impurity) is still valid. For more, please see the detailed answer.

The majority are of the view that the fast is invalidated by deliberately looking until one ejaculates. For more, please see the detailed answer.

The fast of one who commits a major sin – such as buying shares in a riba-based bank is valid but is imperfect, and he may not attain the reward of fasting.