Chewing gum which contains sugar and artificial flavorings breaks your fast. But if the gum does not contain any substance that will dissolve and enter the stomach, then it does not break the fast.

If a woman in nifas sees that she has become pure before 40 days are over, then she should do ghusl and pray and fast, and her husband may have intercourse with her.

It is haram for a Muslim woman to continue fasting when she is menstruating. If she gets her period while fasting, her fast is spoiled, even if the blood comes a moment before sunset, and she has to make that up if it was an obligatory fast.

A blood test does not break your fast because it is a little and does not make you weak.

1. The brownish discharge that comes after the period and after doing ghusl does not matter and is not regarded as menstruation. So your fast is still valid and you do not have to do ghusl after it comes out. 2. The brownish discharge does invalidate wudu. So if you did wudu for Fajr prayer after this came out, then your prayer is valid and you do not have to do anything. 3. If the brownish discharge came out after you did wudu and you did not repeat wudu, then you have to repeat that prayer because you prayed without wudu.

Any bleeding that resumes after the period is over is not menstrual blood. So you can pray, fast, do tawaf or any other acts of worship.

Intercourse at night in Ramadan is permissible. Night lasts from when the sun first sets until (true) dawn comes. It is haram to have intercourse with your wife during the day in Ramadan and it is one of the things that invalidates the fast.