Standing in the row during the congregational prayer is obligatory. If a person comes and the row is full, he should pray with the congregation behind the row, and not go forward to stand beside the Imam or pull someone out to stand beside him, nor should he abandon the prayer in congregation.

Two people are enough to pray in congregation, whether that is in the house or elsewhere. However, men are required to offer the prayers in congregation in the mosque. It is not permissible to offer the obligatory prayers at home, whether in congregation or alone, unless one has an excuse.

It is recommended for the one who is late for the congregational prayer to come to the mosque in a calm and dignified manner. The one who was late for the prayer is not regarded as having caught up with the prayer in congregation unless he caught up with at least one Rak`ah of the prayer.

1. It is not permissible for you to not pray Jumu`ah, if there is someone who can take care of your father while you go to the mosque. If there is no one, then you are excused for not going to the mosque and you can pray Dhuhr with him instead. 2. You should pray in congregation in the mosque, so long as someone else can be with your sick father while you go to the mosque. 3. There is nothing wrong with wearing gloves when removing impurity from a sick father because touching the `Awrah is prohibited. 4. It is not permissible to look at your father’s `Awrah except in the case of necessity. 5. If your father is aware of the prayer, then it is obligatory for him and it is not permissible for him to not pray. 6. It is not permissible for you to not pray Jumu`ah, if there is someone who can take care of your sick father while you go to the mosque. If there is no one, then you are excused for not going to the mosque and you can pray Dhuhr with him instead. 7. It is permissible for the sick person to put together Dhuhr and `Asr, and Maghrib and `Isha’, at the time of the earlier or later prayer so as to ward off hardship.

The Hadith highlights the consequence of continuously refraining from joining the front rows during congregational prayers, resulting in the inability to do so as a punishment from Allah.

The most sound view is that prayer in congregation in the mosque is obligatory and this is what is indicated by the Shar`i evidences detailed below.

All the ways of offering Witr prayer have been mentioned in the Sunnah, but the best way is not to stick to one particular way; rather one should do it one way one time and another way another time, so that one will have done all the Sunnahs. For more about how to pray witr, see the detailed answer.

The time of Duha prayer is from the time when the sun has risen to a certain height, until just before the time for Zhuhr prayer.

Istikharah prayer is a Sunnah. Istikharah means seeking guidance as to what Allah knows is the best and most appropriate choice. Istikharah implies submission to the command of Allah and a practical demonstration that one has no power and no strength of one’s own.